IVERMECTIN: A Covid-19 Game-Changer?

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TOP-SPOT NEWS:

Front Line Covid Specialists: "NIH- Please Read our Data!"

On Dec 8, 2020, committee chairman Republican Sen. Ron Johnson called ICU Pulmonary specialist Dr. Pierre Kory of the Aurora St. Luke’s Medical Center (WI) and president of the FLCCC to the US Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee.  The hearing was called “Early Outpatient Treatment: An Essential Part of a COVID-19 Solution, Part II.”  Dr. Kory gave his testimony on behalf of frontline physicians about the current state of care in the Covid pandemic and what his group specifies as the logic-based treatment with scientifically proven data that he pleads the NIH to review.  (See complete video and Transcript of Dr. Kory's Testimony)

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November, 2020, the world is almost one year deep into the CoronaVirus pandemic, falling into a third infection surge.  The global health community floats the latest report of a near-ready deployment of the Covid vaccine while ICU reports a new spike in cases in all 50 states.

WHAT IS IVERMECTIN?
According to health officials at the FLCCC (Front Line Covid-19 Care Alliance), a new report of a prophylactic solution & a treatment protocol for Covid-19 infection is available in the global market NOW. This community of intensivists in FLCCC expresses tremendous confidence in this clinical strategy with climbing evidence of success domestically and abroad., "... in keeping with the robust and emerging evidence reviewed above, the Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance recently created a prophylaxis and early treatment approach for COVID-19 called “I-MASK+”. This protocol includes IVERMECTIN as a core therapy in both early treatment and prophylaxis of both high-risk patients and post-exposure to household members with COVID-19 . The Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance is committed to measuring outcomes in those treated with ivermectin and reviewing all emerging results from the current and any future clinical trials of Ivermectin in COVID19"

Will ivermectin interfere with the vaccine and can I continue to take ivermectin once vaccinated?

Our understanding of the importance of ivermectin in the context of the new vaccines, is that ivermectin prophylaxis should be thought of as complementary bridge to vaccination until the vaccines are made available to all those in need. At this time and speaking with the vaccine experts we do not believe that ivermectin prophylaxis interferes with the efficacy/immune response to the vaccine, however it must also be recognized that no definitive data exists to guide use more specifically on this question. However, given that maximal immunity from the vaccines is only achieved 2 weeks after the second dose of vaccine, it is reasonable to take bi-weekly ivermectin until this time point. The “New’ mutated strain of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be less susceptible to pre-existent neutralizing antibodies; this may have potential implications for the current vaccination program.

For complete information on IVERMECTIN, see the FAQ section of the FLCCC site (link)

NOT JUST FOR SCABIES... IVERMECTIN FOR COVID-19 SHOWS SUCCESS FROM ICU DOCS By: Dr. Robert L. Bard  If you looked up IVERMECTIN in 2019 or earlier (pre-pandemic), you may find it as a topical anti-bacterial to popularly treat SCABIES (and kill scabies mites).  It is also known as an oral antiparasitic agent approved for the treatment of worm infestations. Evidence suggests that oral ivermectin may be a safe and effective treatment for scabies; however, ivermectin is not FDA-approved for this use.  [4-cdc]. Scabies is an infestation of the skin by the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis). The microscopic scabies mite burrows into the upper layer of the skin where it lives and lays its eggs. Scabies is found worldwide and affects people of all races and social classes. Scabies can spread rapidly under crowded conditions where close body and skin contact is frequent. Institutions such as nursing homes, extended-care facilities, and prisons are often sites of scabies outbreaks. Child-care facilities also are a common site of scabies infestations. [5-cdc] In addition, Ivermectin is FDA-approved for use in animals for prevention of heartworm disease in some small animal species, and for treatment of certain internal and external parasites in various animal species. People should never take animal drugs, as the FDA has only evaluated their safety and effectiveness in the particular species for which they are labeled. Using these products in humans could cause serious harm. [6-fda]  Today, a unified global voice in the medical community for alternative care of Covid-19 infection is offering new scientific data supporting the surprising benefits of Ivermectin. The FLCCC (Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance) reported over 30 countries from Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa now have growing communities of subscribers to this protocol, employing and attesting to the positive response that Ivermectin appears to provide in the prevention or care of Covid patients. According to Dr. Paul Marik of Eastern Virginia Medical School, "There is no one silver bullet... there are a few things that we should be doing simultaneously to control the virus. There is now overwhelming evidence is profoundly efficient in treating this disease- in preventing it early and in the late phase... what makes Ivermectin truly a remarkable drug is that not only is it a potent antibacterial and an anti-viral drug (but) it is a potent anti-inflammatory drug. So it's all the 'magic' you want in one pull" (see Dr. Marik's complete video interview)  Also: see Prophylaxis & Early Outpatient Treatment Protocol for Covid-19 (source: FLCCC) EXTRA: "Antiparasitic drug Ivermectin kills coronavirus in 48 hours" -By Angela Betsaida B. Laguipo, BSN from News Medical Life Sciences Contributor: ROBERT L. BARD, MD, PC, DABR, FASLMS Recipient of nationally acclaimed Ellis Island Award (2020) for his lifetime achievement in advanced cancer diagnostic imaging. He co-founded the 9/11 CancerScan program to bring additional diagnostic support to all first responders from Ground Zero. His main practice in midtown, NYC (Bard Diagnostic Imaging- www.CancerScan.com) uses the latest in digital imaging technology and has been also used to help guide biopsies and in many cases, even replicate much of the same reports of a clinical invasive biopsy. Imaging solutions such as high-powered sonograms, Power Doppler Histogram, sonofluoroscopy, 3D/4D image reconstruction and the Power Doppler Histogram  are safe, noninvasive, and do not use ionizing radiation.

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The following overview is a repost of the current feature published by the FLCCC Alliance and Dr. Pierre Kory. 

Review of the Emerging Evidence Supporting the Use of Ivermectin in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19

In March 2020, an expert panel called the Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance (FLCCC) was created and led by Professor Paul E. Marik with the goal of continuously reviewing the rapidly emerging basic science, translational, and clinical data in order to gain insight into and to develop a treatment protocol for, COVID-19. At the same time, many centers and groups employed a multitude of novel therapeutic agents empirically and within clinical trials, often during inappropriate time points during this now well-described multi-phase disease. Either as a result of these frequent trial design failures or due to the lack of their insufficient anti-viral or anti-inflammatory properties, nearly all trialed agents have proven ineffective in reducing the mortality of COVID-19. Based on a recent series of negative published therapeutic trial results, in particular the SOLIDARITY trial, virtually eliminates any treatment role for Remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, interferon, convalescent plasma, tocilizumab, and mono-clonal antibody therapy.

Despite this growing list of failed therapeutics in COVID-19, the FLCCC recently discovered that ivermectin, an anti-parasitic medicine, has highly potent real-world, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory properties against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. This conclusion is based on the increasing numbers of study results reporting effectiveness, not only within in-vitro and animal models, but also in numerous randomized and observational controlled clinical trials. Repeated, consistent, large magnitude improvements in clinical outcomes have now been reported when ivermectin is used not only as a prophylactic agent but also in mild, moderate, and even severe disease states from multiple, large, randomized and observational controlled trials. However, the review that follows of the existing evidence for ivermectin relies on “emerging” data in that, although convincing, as of November 14, 2020, only a minority of studies have been published in peer-reviewed publications with the majority of results compiled from manuscripts uploaded to medicine pre-print servers or posted on clinicaltrials.gov. 

The most recent paper, currently in production, reports a 6.1% hospital mortality rate in COVID-19 patients measured in the two U.S hospitals that systematically adopted the MATH+ protocol, a markedly decreased mortality rate compared to the 23.9% hospital mortality rate calculated from a review of 39 studies including over 165,000 patients (unpublished data; available on request). For a review of the therapeutic interventions comprising the current MATH+ protocol.

source: www.covid19criticalcare.com

Although the adoption of MATH+ has been considerable, it largely occurred only after the RECOVERY and other trials were published which supported one of the main components (corticosteroids) of the combination therapy approach created at the onset of the pandemic.4-9 Despite the plethora of supportive evidence, the MATH+ protocol for hospitalized patients has not yet become widespread. Further, the world is in a worsening crisis with the potential of again overwhelming hospitals and ICU’s. As of November 10th, 2020, the number of deaths attributed to COVID-19 in the United States reached 245,799 with over 3.7 million active cases, the highest number to date. Multiple European countries have now begun to impose new rounds of restrictions and lockdowns. Further compounding these alarming developments was a wave of recently published negative results from therapeutic trials done on medicines thought effective for COVID-19, that now virtually eliminate any treatment role for remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, interferon, convalescent plasma, tocilizumab, and mono-clonal antibody therapy, particularly in later phases.

One year into the pandemic, the only therapy considered “proven” as an effective treatment in COVID-19 is the use of corticosteroids in patients with moderate to severe illness.18 Similarly most concerning is the fact that little has proven effective to prevent disease progression to prevent hospitalization.

Ivermectin, an anti-parasitic medicine whose discovery won the Nobel Prize in 2015, has proven, highly potent, anti-viral and antiinflammatory properties in laboratory studies. In the past 4 months, numerous, controlled clinical trials from multiple centers and countries worldwide are reporting consistent, large improvements in COVID-19 patient outcomes when treated with ivermectin.

I-MASK+ PROHYLAXIS / EARLY OUTPATIENT TREATMENT PROTOCOL & Ivermectin Suggested dose by body weight for prophylaxis and treatment of Covid-19

Despite this growing list of failed therapeutics in COVID-19, it now appears that ivermectin, a widely used anti-parasitic medicine with known anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties is proving a highly potent and multi-phase effective treatment against COVID-19. Although much of the trials data supporting this conclusion is available on medical pre-print servers or posted on clinicaltrials.gov, most have not yet undergone peer-review. Despite this limitation, the FLCCC expert panel, in their prolonged and continued commitment to reviewing the emerging medical evidence base, and considering the impact of the recent surge, has now reached a consensus in recommending that ivermectin for both prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 should be systematically and globally adopted.

The FLCCC recommendation is based on the following set of conclusions derived from the existing data, which will be comprehensively reviewed below:

1) Since 2012, multiple in-vitro studies have demonstrated that Ivermectin inhibits the replication of many viruses, including influenza, Zika, Dengue and others 

2) Ivermectin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication, leading to absence of nearly all viral material by 48h in infected cell cultures

3) Ivermectin has potent anti-inflammatory properties with in-vitro data demonstrating profound inhibition of both cytokine production and transcription of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), the most potent mediator of inflammation 

4) Ivermectin significantly diminishes viral load and protects against organ damage when administered to mice upon infection with a virus similar to SARS-CoV-232

5) Ivermectin prevents transmission and development of COVID-19 disease in those exposed to infected patients

6) Ivermectin hastens recovery and prevents deterioration in patients with mild to moderate disease treated early after symptoms 

7) Ivermectin hastens recovery and avoidance of ICU admission and death in hospitalized patients 

8) Ivermectin reduces mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19

9) Ivermectin leads to striking reductions in case-fatality rates in regions with widespread use

10) The safety, availability, and cost of ivermectin is nearly unparalleled given its near nil drug interactions along with only mild and rare side effects observed in almost 40 years of use and billions of doses administered 

11) The World Health Organization has long included ivermectin on its “List of Essential Medicines”

Exposure prophylaxis studies of Ivermectin’s ability to prevent transmission of COVID-19

Data is also now available showing large and statistically significant decreases in the transmission of COVID-19 among human subjects based on data from three randomized controlled trials (RCT) and one retrospective observational study (OCT); however, none of the studies have been peer-reviewed yet.

The largest RCT was posted on the Research Square pre-print server on November 13, 2020 while the two other RCT’s have submitted data to clinicaltrials.gov, which then performed a quality control review and posted the results. The OCT was posted on the pre-print server medRxiv on November 3, 2020.

The largest RCT by Elgazzar and colleagues at Benha University in Egypt randomized 200 health care and households contacts of COVID-19 patients where 100 patients took a high dose of 0.4mg/kg on day 1 and repeated the dose on day 7 in addition to wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), while the control group of 100 contacts wore PPE only.52 There was a large and statistically significant reduction in contacts tesing positive by RT-PCR when treated with ivermectin vs. controls, 2% vs 10%, p<.05.

The second largest RCT, conducted in Egypt by Shouman et al. at Zagazig University, included 340 (228 treated, 112 control) family members of patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 via PCR.

Ivermectin, (approximately 0.25mg/kg) was administered twice, on the day of the positive test and 72 hours later. After a two-week follow up, a large and statistically significant decrease in COVID-19 symptoms among household members treated with ivermectin was found, 7.4% vs. 58.4%. Similarly, in another RCT conducted by Carvallo et al. in Argentina involving 229 healthy citizens, 131 were randomized to treatment with 0.2mg of ivermectin drops taken by mouth five times per day. After 28 days, none of those receiving ivermectin prophylaxis group had tested positive for SARS-COV-2 versus 11.2% of patients in the control arm (p<.001).53 More recently, in a large retrospective observational case-control study from India, Behara et al. reported that among 186 casecontrol pairs (n=372) of health care workers, they identified 169 participants that had taken some form of prophylaxis, with 115 that had taken ivermectin prophylaxis (n=38 of the COVID-19 cases and n=77 of the controls). After matched pair analysis, they reported that in the workers who had taken two dose ivermectin prophylaxis, the odds ratio for contracting COVID-19 was markedly decreased (0.27, 95% CI, 0.15–0.51). Notably, one dose prophylaxis was not found to be protective in this study.

Based on both their study finding and the Egyptian prophylaxis study, the All India Institute of Medical Sciences included a consensus statement in the manuscript recommending health care workers take two 0.3mg/kg doses of ivermectin 72 hours apart and to repeat monthly.

Further data supporting a role for ivermectin in decreasing transmission rates can be found from South American countries where, in retrospect, large “natural experiments” appear to have occurred. For instance, beginning as early as May, various regional health ministries and governmental authorities within Peru, Brazil, and Paraguay initiated “ivermectin distribution” campaigns to their citizen populations. In one such example from Brazil, the cities of Itajai, Macapa, and Natal distributed massive amounts of ivermectin doses to the city’s population, where, in the case of Natal, 1 million doses were distributed.45 The data in Table 2 below was compiled on September 14, 2020 and was obtained from the official Brazilian government site (https://covid.saude.gov.br) and the national press consortium by an engineer named Alan Cannel whose findings were published on the website TrialSiteNews and are thus not peer-reviewed. 

For the complete report, visit: www.covid19criticalcare.com

Review of the Emerging Evidence Supporting the Use of

Ivermectin in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19

VIEWPOINTS

CONRAD G. MAULFAIR, DO. - Osteopathic Physician | Allentown, PA 
"Dr. Kory's testimony to a Congressional Hearing on the benefits of a 40 year history in clinical medicine of a simple and inexpensive drug repurposed for the treatment of his current Covid 19 patients could not be more important in these times.  The clinical experience and research of a physician who cares passionately about his patients, as well as the current state of worldwide treatment for Covid victims, is critical in overcoming our problems.  He is an inspiration to all physicians and patients alike.  It is common practice for us to utilize available drugs in "off label" application where our patient's health is our responsibility and clinical experience as well as the literature supporting our prescription.  What he is recommending has been done continually for years and years by physicians who care for patients. He uses ivermectin because it helps his patients.  We need to use ivermectin in the manner recommended as well as any other effective protocol shown to be helpful in patient care for our patients."

ROBERTA KLINE, MD  - Obstetrics/Gynecology & Genomic Education |  Santa Fe, NM
"This is an amazing SUCCESS story of using science to guide a collaborative effort to solve clinical challenges quickly. From my perspective of supporting each person's biochemistry for health, I'm glad to see they included antioxidant and vitamin support to enhance efficacy. But this story is also one that highlights the frustration around politics, money and power controlling low-cost, innovative solutions that are more effective than pricey designer drugs. This information needs to get out. NOW. We may now have a vaccine that can help in the long term, but people are getting sick and dying in record numbers. My neighbor is a nurse administrator at our local hospital here, where COVID is finally overwhelming them and they have shut down elective surgeries for the first time in the pandemic. I have reached out to her to share this information and hope approval can be expedited so this can make a difference." 

ANNELIES MOONS, MD - Gen. Practitioner & Lifestyle Medicine | Belgium

"I have reviewed all of the testimonials before the US Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee and was very impressed with Dr. Kory's emotional testimony. Today it is difficult to decide who to believe, but this doctor takes the Hippocratic Oath very seriously. I am a general practitioner living in Belgium. ... I have my doubts about the new vaccine as long as there is no more data about its efficacy in the long term. In recent weeks I have posted links on articles about Ivermectin in response to articles about the covid pandemic in medical press. Ivermectin is only on the market here in Belgium in cream form.  I hope your work is rewarded and more and more doctors are discovering the potential of this drug for covid19. But you can imagine, the new vaccine is produced here in Belgium. Ivermectin can serve the patients at risk in addition to the vaccine. Humanity owes the corona crisis to itself, more will come if we don't change course. I wish you and your team success, but I am sure,  if you are right, you will achieve your goal." 

RAKHIM TOJIBOEV, MD - Cardiac Anesthesia / Intensive Care | Uzbekistan
"I am a cardiac anesthesiologist and intensivist which allows me to work on a different level with critical patients. I am the only member of FLCCC from former Soviet Union countries and am the only one in my country who uses this (MATH+) protocol. I am very proud that I started using this protocol in many patients and I can see faster recovery from Covid-19. Unfortunately, we do not have Ivermectin in our country but I would like to say that the MATH+ protocol works very well even without Ivermectin.  My whole work is based in world standards. This war urged us to work differently... in order to get good results."

NOELLE L. CUTTER, Ph.D  - Molloy College | Assoc. Professor of Biology & Chemistry | NY
"The incredible work that has emerged from the group of scholars working on the MATH+ formula for patient care reminds me of the importance of collaboration in medicine.  This treatment formula was designed with patient care in mind, during an unprecedented time in our history.  The formula has clearly been shown to be an effective treatment to combat the virus.  The combination of Corticosteroids, Ascorbic acid and Heperin has effectively been shown to reduce severity of patient symptoms and greatly reduce the need for the ventilator.  This is certainly a step forward in treatment options for COVID19 patients."   - 

ELIZABETH BANCHITTA - EMT / Medical Student - NY
"I feel Dr. Kory's testimonial - it comes from the deep end of the ICU where most of the patients are extremely critical and there's not that many interventions that would make much of a difference.  I can't imagine being so highly trained and knowing exactly how something works and thinking, 'I know this will work but I can't give it to my patients and they're going to die possibly for no reason'.  Meanwhile, we don't know how the vaccine is going to play out, but regardless of that, there needs to be other resources."

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COUNTERPOINT

FROM THE NIH COVID-19 TREATMENT GUIDELINES: IVERMECTIN Last Updated: August 27, 2020 "Ivermectin is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antiparasitic drug that is used to treat several neglected tropical diseases, including onchocerciasis, helminthiases, and scabies.1 It is also being evaluated for its potential to reduce the rate of malaria transmission by killing mosquitoes that feed on treated humans and livestock.2 For these indications, ivermectin has been widely used and has demonstrated an excellent safety profile. Recommendation: The COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel recommends against the use of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19, except in a clinical trial (AIII). The available clinical data on the use of ivermectin to treat COVID-19 are limited."  See complete NIH report and references: https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/antiviral-therapy/ivermectin/

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RELATED FEATURES:

Methylprednisolone or Dexalmethazone? A Strategic Treatment Challenge From The Field
Teams of American physicians like Dr. Pierre Kory, Pulmonary and Critical Care Specialist (Milwaukee, WI) and his team of front-line Covid care providers (the Front Line Covid-19 Critical Care Alliance) challenged Dexamethasone as the exalted panacea of the pandemic.  Dr. Kory’s team dedicated their life’s work to the research and treatment of infectious diseases in critical illness, and recently published a battle-tested and proven Hospital Treatment Protocol called MATH+,  a combination of medicines designed to counteract the injurious hyperinflammation, hypercoagulability, and hypoxemia in COVID-19 using synergistic actions. Their group strongly recommends a different corticosteroid called METHYLPREDNISOLONE.   Work done by members of the group, in particular, Dr. G. Umberto Meduri, one of the worlds experts on the use of corticosteroids in critical illness, discovered key findings establishing the rationale in support of the preferred use of Methylprednisolone, while also providing a wider scope of evidence supporting corticosteroid therapy for Covid-19 critical cases. 

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ON PREVENTION: Survival Guide from ICU Docs + THE FOUR D'S of Airborne Transmission
"Arguably, most doctors are not like INTENSIVISTS (ICU specialists)... they are the last line with the dying and (those with) the most severe illnesses. They are conditioned to work creatively and more aggressively under a major time limit... to reverse life threatening disorders." Read about how front line ICU docs maintain their health through the Covid pandemic.  Review their latest safety protocols in  INFECTION CONTROLS of routine mask wearing, regular hand-washing and gown donning. Get additional insight on supplements and a comprehensive review of how to truly manage airborne pathogens. (see complete article)

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CANCER RECURRENCE: Viewpoints and Strategies

INTRODUCTION:

WHY CANCER COMES BACK

(Source: NIH- National Cancer Institute)

When cancer comes back after treatment, doctors call it a recurrence-  or recurrent cancer. Finding out that cancer has come back can cause feelings of shock, anger, sadness, and fear. But you have something now that you didn’t have before—experience. You’ve lived through cancer already and you know what to expect. Also, remember that treatments may have improved since you were first diagnosed. New drugs or methods may help with your treatment or in managing side effects. In some cases, improved treatments have helped turn cancer into a chronic disease that people can manage for many years.

Recurrent cancer starts with cancer cells that the first treatment didn’t fully remove or destroy. This doesn’t mean that the treatment you received was wrong. It just means that a small number of cancer cells survived the treatment and were too small to show up in follow-up tests. Over time, these cells grew into tumors or cancer that your doctor can now detect. [1]

RECURRENCE & METASTASIS- THE MOVING TARGET   By: Dr. Ben Ho Park

There are two flavors of recurrence- one being LOCAL recurrence and the other is METASTATIC. Local recurrence means that should for whatever reason some cancer tissue or cells get left behind, cancer can come back (a curable situation). In the case of breast cancer (per se), recurrence can also mean METASTATIC- where it can re-appear outside the breast area and outside of the lymph nodes in the armpit.  Now it doesn't mean it's not treatable, but it essentially means that the cancer now has traversed from the local area to a distant site, set up shop and grown to a point where it's now detectable in higher numbers.

Recurrence is really a math game. The numbers would tell you that by the time that happens, there's so many cells and so many cell divisions that the heterogeneity of cancer (the main treatment challenge) prevents us from being able to cure metastatic disease, because we don't currently have enough drugs that can get rid of all of those different cancer cells. A patient's breast cancer, as an example, is not uniform. It's a dynamic process. Every time a cancer cell grows and divides those two daughter cells (if you will) are slightly different from one another.  Whereas normal cells are exactly the same when they grow and divide-- they have to be (they're identical twins), this is the problem with cancer; it is a disease of DNA gone bad, but it's also underlying of what we call genetic instability that leads to heterogeneity making cancer cells resistant to many drugs.

As far as heterogeneity, by the time you can see a cancer tumor at one centimeter, that's a billion cancer cells, and they're all a little bit different from one another. And so if that cancer cell recurs in the bone, the liver, the brain, the lungs it's left a trail of breadcrumbs. So we know it's more than just a cubic centimeter. That's already a billion plus cancer cells. So even if you cut it out, there's all these breadcrumbs that are already seeded everywhere that we can't see.  There's going to be at least one cancer cell resistant to a given therapy, because of all the changes in DNA as cancer cells divide, meaning the cancer cell from one to the next is a little bit different. And that's what makes cancer so tough to beat because we're not dealing with a static target. We're dealing with a moving target. And even though we can get 99.9% of the cells with a drug or series of drugs, that 0.1% of cells left behind is eventually going to come back.

And that point when it comes back, cancer cells gets even more heterogeneity and more changes and more, again, evolution of different subclones as we call it. That's the fundamental crux and problem with cancer and why it's so tough to beat. And this is not different when you think about some infectious diseases like tuberculosis, right? I mean, that's why we need four drugs to cure patients with tuberculosis because it evolves and changes. HIV is the same way. So, I also use those examples to point out we've controlled those diseases. In some cases, we cured those diseases and we can do the same for cancer.

OUTSMARTING CANCER WITH SELF-AWARENESS   Dr. Robert L. Bard

Once you do enough Google-searching-especially for key terms like "CANCER PREVENTION" and "STAY IN REMISSION", you'll learn how to come up with a simple plan to keep cancer away- or increase the likelihood of beating cancer with the comprehensive Early Detection & Prevention plan. In each case, much can be done to prevent the current stage. The first step is to GET MORE FAMILIAR WITH YOURSELF.

• Be aware of your genetic lineage: risk of cancer increases upon heredity. The first place to look is within your own dna or family history. Many cancers tend to travel down generations. It can also have the tendency to skip one generation and appear in the next one.

• Periodic Checking of your body for any anomalies like lumps, bumps, discolored bruises or growths. Self-checking is the first base. Also stay on top of unusual feelings like frequent headaches, unique pains and strains- anything that feels out of the ordinary. Take nothing for granted when it comes to your body.

• Know your environment: Many health issues are known to be caused by environmental toxins. Where you sleep, eat and work could be affecting how you feel later. Some health hazards are fairly visible and apparent while others may need some historical research in your area where there may have been potential chemical wastes or spills in the past. If you know of such issues, further research, demographic studies, protective measures and targeted checkups may be your next step.

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METASTASIS: RECURRENCE WITH A VENGEANCE
By: Kirby Lewis

 In 2012, I was diagnosed with stage two (male) breast cancer.  Standard operating procedure was having me undergo a mastectomy to my left breast.  It came with all the physical impact of treatments and surgery but I wasn't too worried about the outcome. I was sure that it wasn't going to kill me because I found that most people don't die from stage one, two or three.

 Then, by 2016, I had recurrence. As a lot of people know, recurrence is about 30% of early stagers.  I sensed the first time that it was going to come back-- and that when it did, it was going to be metastatic.   Metastasis is when those rogue cancer cells that are in the area of the breast tissue decide to venture out into another neighborhood of the body. When that happens, they tend to go to the liver or the pancreas or, the kidneys or the bones or even the brain. I had metastases in both lungs and in my spine so it was quite alarming.  

Through a battery of testing, it was unnerving to find out how fast it went from being non-present in my body to being everywhere-- in my lungs and in my spine. Basically, I was looking at a six week period where I went from clear lungs, clear scans and within six weeks, my, my lungs lit up like Christmas trees.

I think that what people can learn from this is that you should never take the changes in your body lightly. Do self exams. And if you find something that is unusual, go have it checked out. It's $50 for a doctor visit and that's $50 well spent rather than buying a coffin. If your body has propensity to turn on those cancer cells, flip that switch, then (my thinking is that) it's likely that it is going to come back in some other form. And I hope that it doesn't. When someone is designated cancer free, I would love for them to think that that's it. But they do need to be diligent. And they do need to be cognizant and aware of the fact that the possibility will always exist.

References:

1) https://www.cancer.gov/types/recurrent-cancer

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The New York Cancer Resource Alliance is committed to seeking out SMART SCIENCE from the top sources of current and most helpful solutionists. Because there is no SILVER BULLET to cancer, a recent article from our generous friends at Boehringer-Ingelheim shed some light into some of their greatest cancer findings from recent research work about "undruggable" targets and their views on how to approach them.

Despite significant progress over recent decades, many key molecular drivers for a wide range of cancers remain undruggable. Only 10-15% of cancer patients currently benefit from drug treatment targeting the genomic aberrations driving their cancer. Our mission is to change this. We’re taking cancer on by working on pioneering approaches to identify key cancer cell dependencies that drive the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Our scientists are developing novel therapies to turn these drivers off, and combining them with specially selected partners to switch off multiple drivers, as well as with immunotherapy to harness the patient’s immune system to fight cancer cells.

FINDING SMART COMBINATIONS TO TACKLE ‘UNDRUGGABLE’ TARGETS
 We’re digging deep into the science and taking a precision approach to develop smart combinations to bring the greatest benefit to patients. The first step is to find cancer-cell directed therapies that induce rapid tumor shrinkage. But we know that the long-term efficacy of current targeted therapies has been limited by the development of resistance, leading to relapse and disease progression. Cancer cells quickly find ways to circumvent the effects of targeted drugs by mutating or re-routing along alternative pathways. So we’re using a smart science approach to understand molecular pathways at a deep level to identify the ‘Achilles heels’ where we can potentially outwit the cancer cells at the same time as finding innovative ways to increase and prolong anti-cancer effects with combination partners.

Immune therapies often take longer to act than cancer cell-directed therapies but can achieve much more long-lasting responses. So part of our smart combination strategy is exploring how to transform ‘cold’ tumors, which have no, or limited, immune system activity, making them unresponsive to immuno-therapy, into ‘hot’ tumors so that the patient’s immune system can be recruited to fight cancer with immuno-oncology therapies. By combining both approaches, patients gain the immediate benefit and high responses of cancer-cell targeted therapies and the longer-term survival benefit of immunotherapy. (See complete article: A Smart Science Approach to Cancer Combinations- by Norbert Kraut, Ph.D., Global Head of Cancer Research, Boehringer Ingelheim)

Reduce Your Exposure to Harmful Chemicals - by Dr. Aly Cohen

Dr. Aly Cohen, founder of The Smart Human®, discusses many of the everyday chemicals in our food, drinking water, cookware, cleaning products, personal care products, and even in the air we breathe are not tested for safety that can cause both short and long-term health issues. 

Here are five things you can do right now to reduce exposure from harmful chemicals.

1) DECREASE CANNED FOOD AND DRINKS. Canned food and drinks, yes soda too, all have a lining of plastic material made from BPA or bisphenol-A, a compound that was found to mimic estrogen and other hormones in the body. Resulting in a variety of hormone related health issues like thyroid disease, developmental issues in children, insulin resistance in diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and some cancers. Try buying fresh foods or frozen produce and prepared meals, and heat them up in glass containers and not the steam bag that they came in.

2) AVOID COOKING IN NON-STICK PANS. The chemicals used on these pans break down and get into the foods that you're cooking. These non-stick chemicals, also called perfluoralkyls have been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals, and are made using fluorine, an element which takes decades to breakdown in our bodies and in our environment. You may have to use a bit more elbow grease to clean your pans, but stick with cast iron or stainless steel and look for 18/8 on the bottom that let's you know it's food grade steel. Use real olive or coconut oil instead of synthetic non-stick sprays.

3) NO MORE PLASTIC for storage and microwave use. Ever wonder why clear plastic containers turn cloudy after running through the dishwasher a few times? Plastic breaks down over time, from high heat from dishwashers and microwaves and even from scratches. This breakdown can release harmful chemicals into your food in the container, especially food that has high fat content because many of the plastic chemicals are lipophilic or fat loving. It's well worth your time to take a few extra seconds to transfer prepared foods into a glass container before heating it up in the microwave, and store foods in glass or stainless steel too.

4) CREATE A WATER SYSTEM no matter if your water comes from an in-ground well or city water from a water treatment plant. Always filter your water at the point of use, which is your faucet. This allows you the greatest control of what you and your family drink. Now there are simple carbon filters that are used in pitchers, on refrigerator doors, as well as those you can actually install onto your sink faucet. Then there are more complicated filters such as reverse osmotic, ion exchange, and distillers. Choosing the right filter for you and your family is very important, and the best resource for this is ewg.org guide to buying a water filter. Whichever type of filter drinking water system you choose, remember to change your filters regularly and carry your water in glass or stainless steel.

5) DUST, MOP & VACUUM WEEKLY. In many studies household dust has been found to contain hundreds of chemicals that come from products we use in our homes every day. Children and household pets have been shown to have the highest levels of many harmful chemicals such as flame retardants, plasticizers, smoking chemicals, cleaning product chemicals in their bodies because they're on the floor where dust collects and sticks to toys, fingers, and paws.

Of course making all of these changes doesn't happen overnight. Try making one healthy change per month. Taking the time to think about the products we use everyday can help minimize chemical exposures and create a safer and healthier home and human body.

I share these prevention tips and more on TheSmartHuman.com website and on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Thanks for joining me, I'm Dr. Aly Cohen and remember, when it comes to our environment and our health, you too can be the smart human.

The Smart Human LLC. seeks to educate, coach, and empower everyday people to make safer, smarter choices for human health. Our goal is to help hospitals, schools, and manufacturers, make changes to reduce unsafe chemical exposure of  the children and adults that they serve. It’s a lofty goal, but it has to start somewhere! I hope you will join us on this mission.

Additional videos are available with topics including: Chemicals in Personal Care Products, Improving Poor Air Quality and Making our Drinking Water Safer. Check out the complete set of episodes of THE SMART HUMAN Video Channel.

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IMMUNOLOGY AND THE SCIENCE OF SELF-HEALING  By: Dr. Jesse A. Stoff
To help restore our health and to help restore harmony, it's a matter of rebuilding the immune response. A functional immune system is based upon an intact biochemistry, which means our biochemistry, the system of biochemical substances, hormones, enzymes and the like in our body has to be intact, functional and in balance, one to the other, in order to support the immune system as efficiently as is possible. Together, they work together to protect us from all sorts of illnesses and keep us above ground on the shiny side of the grass that much longer. When we're looking at the immune system, it's actually a bridge. A bridge where? A bridge between our biochemistry and a bridge in the sort of metaphysical sense to our higher self... -go to full article

RESPIRATOR vs. SURGICAL MASK - What's the Difference?  

By: Dr. Robert L. Bard
Fact: ANY PPE is better than NO PPE!  The science of prevention states that measures toward a reduction in risk can greatly support life-saving others - and yourself.  Meanwhile, discerning the difference between face coverings, specifically MASKS vs RESPIRATORS can be useful in identifying which situation to use which type of mask. There is a significant difference between the two, and wearing one vs. the other provides differing results. The FDA defines a surgical mask as a loose-fitting, disposable device that creates a physical barrier between the mouth and nose of the wearer and potential contaminants in the immediate environment... -go to full article

This newsletter series is produced by: The New York Cancer Resource Alliance (NYCRA) -- a self-funded union of volunteers comprised of caregivers, accredited medical professionals, cancer educators, publishers and published experts, patient support clinicians and non-profit foundation partners whose united mission is to bring public education and supportive resource information to the community of patients, survivors and any individual(s) seeking answers about cancer. NYCRA is an exclusive, non-commercial private network originally established on the LINKEDIN digital society and is supported in part by the AngioFoundation whose mission is to share informative materials to the community. For more information, visit: www.NYCRAlliance.org

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FDA APPROVED BLOOD TESTS TO DETECT CANCER

"FDA Approves Blood Tests That Can Help Guide Cancer Treatment" was originally published by the National Cancer Institute. |  October 15, 2020, by NCI Staff

Two blood tests recently approved by FDA for use in some people with cancer, known as liquid biopsies, identify genetic changes by scanning DNA that tumors have shed into the blood.  (image credit: ref: #1)

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two blood tests, known as liquid biopsies, that can help guide treatment decisions for people with cancer. The tests, Guardant360 CDx and FoundationOne Liquid CDx, are made by different companies and were approved separately.

Doctors have traditionally based treatment decisions on features like the organ in which the cancer started growing, whether the cancer has spread, and whether the patient has other health conditions. Now they often use another feature to guide treatment: genetic changes in the tumor. 

Certain therapies, called targeted therapies and immunotherapies, work best against tumors that have specific genetic changes. The newly approved tests identify genetic changes, including mutations, by scanning DNA that tumors have shed into the blood. 

Doctors can then use that information to determine if there is a targeted therapy or immunotherapy that is likely to work for the patient. Analyzing genetic changes in a patient’s cancer is called tumor profiling, genomic profiling, or tumor sequencing.

Both Guardant360 CDx and FoundationOne Liquid CDx are approved for people with any solid cancer (e.g., lung, prostate), but not for those with blood cancers. While FDA has approved other blood tests that check for the presence a single gene mutation in tumor DNA, these are the first approved blood tests that check for multiple cancer-related genetic changes.

Liquid biopsies can sometimes be an alternative to a traditional biopsy, in which a sample of a tumor is removed with a needle or during surgery. They are considered less invasive and quicker than a traditional tissue biopsy. 

“Even though the tests have been around for a while, we don’t know how useful they’re really going to be in the clinical setting,” said Ben Ho Park, M.D., Ph.D., of Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center. Many details about how the blood tests may be incorporated into everyday care for people with cancer, including who should get them and whether the cost is covered by private insurance companies, are still being ironed out.  What the FDA’s stamp of approval provides, Dr. Park explained, is validation that the results of a blood-based tumor profiling test can be used to guide the selection of a targeted therapy. 

“It’s great that we’ve crossed that hurdle now. It’s great for patients [because] it’s easier to get,” he said.

See complete article @ NIH (https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2020/fda-guardant-360-foundation-one-cancer-liquid-biopsy)

GENETICS VS. GENOMICS By: Dr. Roberta Kline, MD  Genetics and genomics sound alike and are often used interchangeably, yet important scientific and clinical distinctions exist between these two scientific fields of study. The classical definition of genetics is the study of heredity, how characteristics and traits (phenotypes) of a living organism are transmitted from one generation to the next. This occurs via deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a double helix molecule in the cell’s nucleus that comprises genes—the basic unit of heredity. Many of the early principles and rules of heredity were discovered by an Augustinian monk and scientist, Gregor Mendel. His seminal research with pea plants in the mid-1800’s laid the foundation for modern-day genetics. Genomics is the next evolution of classical genetics, and became possible only in recent decades due significant advances in DNA sequencing and computational biology. In 1976, Belgian scientists succeeded in fully sequencing the genome of bacteriophage MS2, a bacteria-infecting virus. They identified all 3,569 DNA base pairs, and the 4 nucleotides (Adenosine, Cytosine, Guanine and Tyrosine) that make up the DNA code. The first animal genome was completely sequenced in 1998. Five years later, with more than 1,000 researchers from six countries collaborating on the Human Genome Project, all 3.2 billion DNA base pairs in the human genome were identified.  Genomics is the study of the entirety of an organism’s genes—the genome. Genomic researchers analyze enormous amounts of DNA-sequence data to find variations that affect health, disease or drug response. In humans, that means searching through about 3.2 billion units of DNA across 23,000 genes. See complete article: INHERITING CANCER- 12/5/2020

PSA Blood Test vs. Cancer Imaging?

By: Dr. Robert L. Bard

The strategy of relying on a (PSA) blood test as the precursor to a biopsy required significant reassessment.  Though approved by the FDA in 1986 as the gold standard for monitoring cancer relapses, increasing reports continue to indicate that elevated PSA levels in over 70% of men show a false positive reading- and does not conclude a malignant cancer. (NIH ref). Because of the inaccuracies of the PSA test and the risk of side effects, many centers are now using imaging solutions like ultrasound 3-D Doppler and MRI before considering a biopsy.

Patient-Specific Anxiety: "My PSA was 22. I had a biopsy; it was benign...GOOD! The biopsy showed inflammation, so I had a (surgical) biopsy I didn’t need... BAD!  There has to be a better way!” 

CANCER IMAGING:

The GenX Diagnostic Solution

Medical imaging (and screening) especially of cancer tumors has advanced since the establishment of the x-ray in 1895.  Imaging earned the acceptance in the medical community as a low-risk, reliable and non-invasive (no-cutting) alternative.  It is widely employed today as a routine and standardized diagnostic protocol in almost every area of healthcare.  Treatment specialists and research scientists alike rely (solely) on medical imaging technology as the go-to protocol to investigate a patient's physiological condition in pathology studies. 

The DIGITAL MOVEMENT and the "end of FILM in radiology" was part of the global tech evolution- driven by the "Economics of Scale theory of Faster-Better-Cheaper". The digital imaging revolution harvested and processed images from an electronic photo conductor, managed bio-information into electronic pixels for more efficient management of diagnostic studies.  The Digital state allowed for computerized intervention to optimize and expand the data acquiring process to new heights of study including 3D modeling- offering a 3D visualization of anatomical studies.  This also paved the way for the induction of AI (artificial intelligence) which was developed to automate analytical paradigms (algorithms) for quicker analysis, advanced workflow, optimized visual dissection, extrapolation and 'prediction' of any biological information with remarkable performance. (see complete article) 

References

1)  Image #1: (Credit: Adapted from World J Gastroenterol. October 2016. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i38.8480. CC BY-NC 4.0)

2) Complete article: NIH (https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2020/fda-guardant-360-foundation-one-cancer-liquid-biopsy)

3) Circulating tumor DNA as a liquid biopsy target for detection of pancreatic cancer https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5064029/

VERIFYING SIGNS OF COVID-19 STROKE THROUGH IMAGING

 By: Robert L. Bard, MD  and Dr. Pierre Kory, MD

ABSTRACT 

Early detection and prevention of arterial and venous disease is key to minimizing the effects of arterial obstruction & hemorrhage,  brain aneurysms, and strokes from venous thrombosis.  The association of trauma to PTSD is now followed by advanced Doppler ultrasound and functional MRI. This abnormal physiology may also manifest as arterial dissection, collagen disease, inflammatory arthritis, dermatitis, ocular disorders, GI disturbances, limb pain, aneurysms of the brain and aorta. Devastating strokes in the Covid-19 era occur in the younger age group and the Latin population is at higher risk.

INTRODUCTION 

Interest in arteritis was elevated with the study of Tayakasu’s disease in the 1970s when advances in contrast arteriography diagnosed diffuse vascular involvement causing strokes and aneurysms in multiple sites. While this arterial inflammation is more common in Asians, in the US, blacks are nearly three times more likely to have a stroke at age 45 than whites. The pediatric population seems to be at higher risk for this arteritis as evidenced by their unusual rate of Covid-19 affliction affecting the vasculature and called “MULTIPLE ACUTE INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME“. Birth control pills is a distinct cause of such disease in younger women while cancer, alcoholism and obesity raise the incidence at all ages.

We have learned over the last century that blockages of coronary arteries to the heart and carotid arteries to the brain are precipitated by inflammation of the inner walls of the vessel, called the “intima”

While thickening of the interior wall of vessels gradually occurs over time and is aggravated by diet, stress and hypertension (high blood pressure), the acutely disabling event is when there is an abrupt tear of the overlying plaque which ruptures debris which then forms a blood clot which blocks blood flow or the clot travels deeper into the brain and blocks blood flow. Similarly, abnormal heart rhythms such as “atrial fibrillation”, causes the pooling of blood in the heart which predisposes to clot formation and the clots can then travel into the brain causing a stroke. In Covid-19, the virus causing severe inflammation in the blood which then promotes clot formation which can travel through the vascular system and affect  almost every organ system in the human body, with the brain and lungs being the most affected.. An article in September NEUROLOGY reported by Medscape documented the incidence of large artery stroke as the presenting symptom of  COVId-19 was highest in men under the age of 50 years. 

HISTORY

A medical research team at Metropolitan Hospital in New York first noticed unusual neurologic symptoms in young and middle aged patients in the late 1960s. As a division of the NY Medical College system, they were fortunate to have an active interventional radiology department specializing in neuroimaging and arteriography. The observation of distortion and occlusion of arteries supplying the brain, kidneys, GI tract and lower limbs to various degrees from single to multiple locations was closely linked to the Japanese disorder known as Tayakasu’s arteritis at the time and recently renamed “arteritis.” A clinical finding of this arterial inflammation in the abdominal aorta was pain in the upper abdomen by the great vessels by palpation. Astute physicians were successfully treating this with commonly available “aspirin.”

However, the chronic and diffuse nature of arteritis often weakened the vessel wall producing aneurysmal dilation and rupture. Today we find sophisticated non-invasive or minimally invasive modalities to be the first line of interrogation of vasculitis.

COVID AND STROKE

COVID-19 was rapidly understood as a disease caused by severe and widespread inflammation and “hypercoagulability” (a tendency to spontaneously form clots in the blood vessels. Autopsies have revealed extensive small vessel strokes, with such strokes often occurring despite aggressive blood thinner treatment and regardless of the timing of the disease course, suggesting that it plays a role very early in the disease process. In one autopsy series, there was a widespread presence of small clots with acute stroke observed in over 25%. In a recent review of the incidence of stroke in COVID-19, almost 2% of all hospital patients suffered a stroke, which is 8x higher than in patients with influenza. More worrisome is that this is almost definitely a gross underestimate given the many likely missed strokes in patients who died on ventilators who were too ill to obtain imaging, the general restrictions on and lack of autopsies, and the well-recognized decrease in the number of patients with acute stroke symptoms seeking medical attention in the COVID-19 era.  Another worrisome finding from a recent study of COVID-19 cases found that 45.5% of patients reported neurologic symptoms [4]. This under-recognized epidemic of neurological symptoms and strokes in COVId-19 highlights the need for more intensive imaging and investigation to achieve not only earlier recognition and improved treatment of patients but in furthering understanding of COVID-19 effects on brain function.

DIAGNOSIS BY IMAGING

Blood flow abnormalities in the arterial system are best study by Doppler imaging like the weather Doppler showing tornadoes. Multiple options exist for blood flow analysis including:

- CAROTID SONOGRAM - CAROTID DOPPLER - EYE SONOGRAPHY - TRANSORBITAL DOPPLER - CONTRAST ENHANCED ULTRASOUND - TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER - HYBRID IMAGING

- 3D/4D VESSEL DENSITY HISTOGRAM - ENDOARTERIAL 3D DOPPLER - RETINAL OCT - SOFT TISSUE OCT - REFLECTANCE CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY - SMALL COIL MRI - 7 TESLA MRI

CAROTID SONOGRAM: While cerebrovascular disease is often diagnosed ex post facto after a catastrophic episode with MRI and CT, the non invasive Doppler analysis of the vascularity is generally checked with ultrasound for plaque and obstruction. A useful measure of the risk of coronary and cerebrovascular disorder is the carotid intimal thickness (CIMT). Standard depth of the inner wall thickness is a measure best obtained by high resolution sonograms since a reading over 0.9mm indicates increased risk. The newer sonogram units have depth resolution of 0.02mm making this a preferred non invasive option.

CAROTID DOPPLER: Flow abnormalities of turbulence and absence are commonly evaluated with this modality. Plaque forms more readily in aberrant flow patterns and high velocity regions accompanying narrowing.

EYE SONOGRAPHY: Sonofluoroscopy of the orbital soft tissues and eyes is performed in multiple scan planes with varying transducer configurations and frequencies. Power and color Doppler use angle 0 and PRF at 0.9 at optic nerve head. 3D imaging of optic nerve and carotid, central retinal arteries and superficial posterior ciliary arteries performed in erect position before and after verbal communication. Retinal arterial flow is measured. Optic nerve head bulging is checked as increased intracranial pressure may be demonstrable.

TRANSORBITAL DOPPLER: R/L ciliary arteries have normal Doppler flows of 10cm/s which is symmetric.

CONTRAST ENHANCED ULTRASOUND: Widely used European nonionic contrast injection allows imaging capillary size vessels and perfusion characteristics

TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER: This measures the flow in the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries as well as Circle of Willis.

3D/4D VESSEL DENSITY HISTOGRAM: Multiple image restoration and reconstruction shows retinal vessel density of 25% at the optic nerve head and adjacent region with quantitative accuracy.

ENDOARTERIAL 3D DOPPLER: Microcatheters inserted into the arterial or venous system provide measurement of wall thickness and presence of inflammatory vessels inside the intima.

RETINAL OCT: Subtraction techniques done with OCT optical coherence tomography may show changes in the caliber of the retinal vessels with verbal ideation.

SOFT TISSUE OCT: The depth of penetration may be extended to 2-3mm allowing for analysis of vascular changes in erythematous or erythropoor dermal areas. Thrombosis may be observed.

REFLECTANCE CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY: This microscopic analysis of the cells also quantifies microvascular pathology and is a potential modality for studying vasculitis.

SMALL COIL MRI: High resolution systems used for animal study and superficial organs can image the intra-arterial anatomy including dynamic contrast imaging on standard 1.5T and 3T units.

7 TESLA MRI: High field systems analyse signal abnormalites rapidly with high resolutions.

HYBRID IMAGING: Hybrid imaging refers to combining diagnostic modalities to assess disease and monitor therapy. 

TREATMENT OPTIONS

CEUS and nanoparticle delivery of dexamethasone may be used to reduce plaque inflammation and stroke occurrence. Intraarterial unstable plaque, most commonly found in the carotid artery, readily ruptures (acutely blocking flow) or dislodges causing distal embolism and arterial occlusion often in the brain, extremities and GI tract. While the composure of this plaque is mostly fibrin and lipid, it is the ulceration, bleeding and active inflammation that produces catastrophic outcomes. Neovascularization plays a central role in plaque initiation, progression and rupture. Quantifying these inflammatory microvessels is a surrogate marker of plaque instability and stroke risk. Histopathologic evidence shows plaque with high vessel density is more likely to rupture. [5]

SUMMARY

Covid-19 affliction of the arterial and venous systems with clot formation and vessel inflammation affect every organ system in the body. Arteritis of the small vessels involves the lungs, heart, brain, kidneys and liver predominantly which increases stroke risk in the absence of other contributing factors. Advanced ultrasound imaging offers early detection alerts and image guided therapeutics are now available. Anti inflammatory treatments, such as the MATH+ protocol used to treat Covid-19 pulmonary disease, might be useful in reducing intra-arterial inflammation and preventing plaque rupture.

REFERENCE

1. Hassani SN, Bard RL: Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.

 J. Natl. Med. Assoc. 66:298-299, July 1974

2. Lande A, Bard RL: Arteriography of Pedunculated Splenic Cysts. Angiology 25:617-621, October 1974

3. Lande A, Bard RL, Rossi P: Takayasu's Arteritis: A World Entity. N.Y. State J. Med. 76:1477-1482, Sep 1976

4. Helbick Eur Radiol 30:5536-5538, 2020

5. Mao l  JAMA Neurol 2020 77:683-690

 

CONTRIBUTORS

ROBERT L. BARD, MD, PC, DABR, FASLMS

Advanced Imaging & Diagnostic Specialist

Dr. Bard received the 2020 nationally acclaimed Ellis Island Award for his lifetime achievement in advanced cancer diagnostic imaging. He co-founded the 9/11 CancerScan program to bring additional diagnostic support to all first responders from Ground Zero. His main practice in midtown, NYC (Bard Diagnostic Imaging- www.CancerScan.com) uses the latest in digital imaging technology and has been also used to help guide biopsies and in many cases, even replicate much of the same reports of a clinical invasive biopsy. Imaging solutions such as high-powered sonograms, Power Doppler Histogram, sonofluoroscopy, 3D/4D image reconstruction and the Power Doppler Histogram  are safe, noninvasive, and do not use ionizing radiation. 

PIERRE KORY, M.D., M.P.A.

Dr. Kory is Board Certified in Internal Medicine, Critical Care, and Pulmonary Medicine. He served as the Medical Director of the Trauma and Life Support Center at the University of Wisconsin where he was an Associate Professor and the Chief of the Critical Care Service. He is considered a pioneer and national/international expert in the field of Critical Care Ultrasound and is the senior editor of the widely read textbook “Point-of-Care Ultrasound” (winner of the President’s Choice Award for Medical Textbooks from the British Medical Association in 2015).  Most recently, Dr. Kory joined the emergency volunteer team during the early COVID-19 pandemic in NYC at Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center. He is also a founding member of the Front Line COVID-19 Critical Working Group (flccc.net) composed of 5 critical care experts that devised the COVID-19 treatment protocol called MATH+. (www.covid19criticalcare.com/)